上海近代农业科学研究可以追溯到晚清的“戊戌维新”，到现在已有近百年的历史。随着上海开埠和城市发展，上海农业科学研究在“西学东渐”的浪潮中，承继徐光启、黄道婆经验农学的余绪，历经沧桑，几度浮沉，基本实现了由传统农业科技向现代农业科学的巨大转变。目前，已形成学科门类齐全，研究力量雄厚，技术设施先进，有大城市特色的农业科学研究体系，对促进上海乃至我国东南地区的农业生产，支援城市建设，发挥了重要作用。

一

中日甲午战争之后，上海成为“戊戌维新”运动的舆论宣传中心。清光绪二十二年（1896年）12月，由罗振玉、徐树兰、朱祖荣等人发起，在上海成立了农学会。次年5月创办会刊，即我国最早的农学刊物——《农学报》（1897～1906年），梁启超为创刊号作序，张謇、谭嗣同等人为会刊撰文，宣传“农学为富国之本”。该刊先后发行315期，译载了大量的东西方农学专著和教材。如日本稻垣乙丙的《农学入门》，英国康发达的《蚕务条陈》，法国蓝涉尔芒的《农具图说》，荷兰佛里寺省牧牛公司的《荷兰牧牛篇》，美国啤耳的《厩肥篇》等。《农学报》还发表了很多中国学者的论著，如朱祖荣的《蚕桑问答》，张寿语的《农学论》，汪日桢的《湖蚕述》等。同时，还编辑出版了《农学丛书》，收入农学译著149种，内容包括农业政策、农业经济、农业科技、农业教育、农业法规诸方面。这一时期开始有大批青年东渡日本留学，并积极参与介绍西方农业科学技术的译书活动。当时的江南机器制造局、广学会也译刻了不少农业方面的论著。

清光绪二十四年，我国近代第一所农业科研机构——上海育蚕试验场在沪成立，聘请日本专家为技术指导，引进国外优良蚕种，改进本地蚕种和饲养方法。清光绪三十年，张謇在吴淞创办江浙渔轮公司，并于次年春，由德国购进我国第一艘拖网渔轮，试行机轮海洋捕捞。在此期间，我国的鱼翅加工技术，也由上海水产业者张尊三东传日本，并获天皇颁发的蓝绶褒章。西方先进农学的东传，上海不仅得风气之先，而且成为中国传统农学与西方现代农学的结合点，开创了经验农学向实验农学过渡的先河。这一时期主要是启蒙阶段，为发展近代农业科学研究作了舆论和组织上的准备。

中华民国成立不久，军阀混战，国步维艰。民国3年（1914年），张謇出任北洋政府农商部长，倡导“棉铁政策”，广设农林试验场。并于民国6年在上海成立中华农学会，张謇任名誉会长，陈嵘任会长，出版《中国农学报》（后在南京），开展近代农业科学的宣传与组织活动。在此期间，上海也创办了一些农事试验机构。民国7年，上海华商纱厂联合会在沪设立棉作试验场，与金陵大学合作，引进外棉作品种观察试验，示范推广美棉。民国10年，国立东南大学与县绅穆氏合作，在南汇设立棉虫研究所，在我国首次采用科学方法研究棉虫尺蠖生活史及防治方法。民国11年，中国合众蚕桑改良会、江苏省棉虫研究所，也先后在上海成立。但很多试验机构，由于人才、经费和设备短缺，很少建树。

民国16年，南京国民政府成立后相继成立了中华农学会上海农学研究所、上海市立农事试验场、牛瘟血清制造所、江苏省立渔业试验场、上海江湾兽医血清制造所、中华棉产改进会等农业科研机构。在引进作物和畜禽良种，试验推广化肥农药和农业机具方面做了不少工作。民国17年，吴福桢在上海第一次应用二硫化碳大规模熏治进口美棉籽100吨；30年代，罗宗洛、殷宏章率先分别开展植物组织培养研究和生长素与植物运动机理关系的研究，取得了突破性的成果，引起当时国际同行的重视。民国19年，上海试制牛瘟血清成功，开创了我国兽医生物药品制造的新纪元，以后又研制出猪瘟血清。随着城市发展，外侨增多，促成蔬菜栽培研究应运而生。真如、杨思一带试用温室栽培番茄、生菜、甘蓝、四季豆等淡季供应的蔬菜，同时洋蘑菇、洋蔬菜均在这时期相继引种、试种和推广。黑白花牛、莱亨鸡、约克猪等外国畜禽良种也引入上海，浦东的“二夹牛”就是外来种与本地种杂交育成的。作为中国近代渔业科技的一大基地也进入重要开创时期，可是好景不长，抗日战争爆发，这些科研机构也就纷纷内迁或解体。抗战胜利后，民国35年7月，农林部中华水产公司在上海筹建水产研究所，聘林绍文为所长。同年8月，中国农机制造公司由重庆迁上海，试制生产农用水泵、轧花机，并引进大批美国农业机械。民国36年6月，又成立惠农畜植研究所等。然而，此时国民党政府忙于内战，无心建设。30年代曾经一度出现的农业科研盛况就再也恢复不起来。

二

1949年中华人民共和国成立后，上海农业科研从战乱的废墟中复苏。50年代前期，经过土地改革和互助合作运动，农民科学种田积极性高涨，各郊县建立农场，示范推广良种和农业科学技术。在沪的农业院系、学校和中央研究单位，也深入郊区开展农业科学实验活动。1956年，根据《农业发展纲要》加强农业科学研究的精神，上海市政府决定成立上海市农业试验站。1957年建立上海市畜牧兽医试验站。1958年进入“大跃进”年代，又相继成立了上海市乳牛科学研究所、上海市农业机械化研究所、上海市粮食科学研究所和中国科学院水产研究所。1959年，将市农业试验站、畜牧兽医试验站、上海乳牛所、上海农机所合并，组建上海市农业科学研究所，并于1960年改名为上海市农业科学院。从建国初期到农科院成立的11年间，在种植业方面，先后试验推广了稻、麦、棉、油等农作物良种，完成了蔬菜、农作物地方品种整理，出版了《上海蔬菜品种志》，总结推广了陈永康等农民育种和栽培技术经验，特别是研制成的蘑菇菌种和代料栽培技术，有力地促进了全国食用菌生产。在养殖业方面，猪、鸡、奶牛的良种引进，畜禽饲养繁育和疫病防治技术、东海渔业资源开发，“轻网快拖”捕捞和淡水养殖技术，以及鱼粉、鱼肝油的研制等，均有长足进步。其中不少成果是国内首创或处于领先地位。这一时期也曾出现过“放高产卫星”和大搞“超、红、紫、电”（系超声波、红外线、紫外线、电刺激的简称）。新技术的浮夸风和脱离实际倾向，一度挫伤了科研人员和农民的积极性。但总的看来，上海农业科研工作还是努力进取，不断向上的，为宣传科学种田，普及科技知识，开展科学研究作了必要的舆论准备和组织准备，同时，对农业科学研究如何密切联系实际，服务生产也进行了有益的尝试。

1960年，上海市农业科学院正式成立，标志着上海农业科学研究进入一个新的发展时期。这一时期，中央在上海又先后成立中国水产部渔业机械研究所、上海市农药研究所、中国农业科学院上海家畜血吸虫病研究室。三年困难时期之后，在三大革命运动的指导思想下，市政府决定加强农科院的组织领导，相继充实大批科技力量，并分别在金山、奉贤和崇明设立了地区试验站。同时，由市农委、市科委协调，把市有关科研单位和大专院校的科技力量组织起来，成立上海市农业科技委员会。根据市委关于提前完成上海郊区农业技术改革、高度发展农业生产的总要求，制订了《上海市农业科学技术工作规划纲要》（1961～1972年）。各县、公社（乡）、大队（村）、生产队也先后分别建立农科所、农科站、农科队、农科组，形成了一个以市农科院为中心的农业科学实验网络。在统一规划下，利用上海科技优势，联合中国科学院植物生理研究所、复旦生物系等有关单位和专家学者，在郊区建立了马桥、徐行等综合研究基点，农业机械化试点，以及低产田改良、蔬菜、果树、食用菌等专业研究基点。在院农业试验场建立农牧业高产样板，带动上海县北部4个公社（乡）的样板田。把试验、示范、推广、科研、教学、生产结合起来，很快取得了一批成果。仅上海农科院就有32项。其中晚粳“沪选19”，油菜“胜利青梗”、“胜利52”，棉花“613”，棉花河泥育苗，稻板麦、稻板油菜栽培技术，蔬菜薄膜覆盖早熟栽培技术，银耳菌种分离技术等成果，均大面积应用于生产，取得了显著的社会经济效益。鱼群探测仪、鱼片联合处理机和生饲料喂猪等都是在这一时期研制推广的，对养殖业的发展，也起了积极的促进作用。

1964～1965年，上海市农科院以辩证唯物主义的认识论为指导，先后总结了发展社会主义农业科学研究的经验，并在全国农业科研工作会议上介绍和《红旗》、《文汇报》等报刊发表，引起了农业部和全国同行的重视，各省市农科院领导和专家来上海参观访问，络绎不绝。这一时期所取得的成就，不论是科学事业发展的速度和规模，还是研究领域开拓的深度和广度，都是前所未有的。同时，也为以后上海农业科学研究的再度振兴和发展奠定了坚实的基础。

“文化大革命”期间，上海农业科研工作经历了一场浩劫。一些研究所被撤销或裁并，科研设备和图书资料遭到破坏。但科研人员却承受住历史悲剧的苦楚，忍辱负重，尽可能地把科研工作继续下去。如晚粳稻品种“新秀”、杂交玉米、棉花高产技术、棉红铃虫性诱剂、稻脚青杀菌剂、绿麦隆除草剂、甘蓝自交不亲和系、银耳木棒栽培、猪喘气病病原分离、机帆船隔热舱保鲜等研究成果，都是在这一时期完成鉴定或推广应用的。其中“新秀”是我国首次利用花培手段育成的，为发展农业生物技术的先导。

三

中共十一届三中全会之后，迎来了科学的春天。在党中央和邓小平关于“科技是第一生产力”指示精神的鼓舞下，上海农业科学研究工作经过拨乱反正，进入改革开放、科技振兴年代。

根据城市发展方向和建设有中国特色的城郊型现代化农业的总体规划，在调整充实原有科研机构的同时，又新建了上海市水产研究所、上海市奶牛研究所、上海市农场局农机研究所、上海市水利工程设计院、上海气象科学研究所等第一批科研机构。科研人员、基础设施、仪器设备和科技情报刊物也较之60年代增长了几倍到十几倍，在实事求是认真总结建国以来农业科研历史经验的基础上，坚持科学技术面向经济建设的指导方针，坚持理论联系实际和实践是检验真理的唯一标准，正确处理科研与生产、基础理论与应用技术、研究与开发之间的关系，尊重知识，尊重人才，调动了广大科研人员的积极性，从而使农业科学研究工作走上新的阶段，取得新的发展。1979～1995年，通过鉴定获市三等奖以上的成果有671项。其中国家发明奖12项，国家科技进步奖34项，国家自然科学奖4项；部市一等奖25项。香菇良种选育与木屑栽培、“矮抗青”青菜、新浦东鸡、瘦肉鸭、拟沙丁鱼资源开发、粉锈宁、克瘟灵、杀灭菊酯、麦类病毒病防治、保幼激素等成果推广面，覆盖全国各有关产区。农业环境监测、数据电脑储存检索以及细胞融合、基因工程等生物技术均有较大进展和突破，引起国内外同行的瞩目。农业经济、区域规划、信息咨询、发展预测等软科学的研究也迅速得到恢复和发展，打破了一些禁区，拓宽了研究视野。1992年，农业部给全国1232个独立农业科研单位进行评估，上海市农业科学院的畜牧、作物、土肥、食用菌、园艺、植保等6个研究所获综合科研能力优秀单位称号。

随着农业科研的深入和发展，农业科技著述和期刊的出版发行也出现空前繁荣的局面。1979年以来，共出版各类专著271部，出版发行的农业期刊有32种，内容涉及农、林、牧、副、渔以及农村经济等领域。这些农业科技著述和期刊对提倡“百家争鸣”，繁荣科学技术，普及科学知识发挥了积极作用，对促进传统农业向现代农业的转变，加速上海都市型农业建设的步伐，也将产生深远影响。

1984年，上海推行科技体制改革，采取多种形式，促进科研成果转化为生产力。许多科研单位先后成立了食用菌、畜禽、水产加工等科技开发机构，同时，配合市政府“菜篮子工程”建设，在郊区建立了一批试验示范基地，加速成果开发与新技术的推广。民办的农业科技经营机构也应运而生，形成联接城乡、沟通科研与生产的一条新渠道。这对增强科研机构自我发展能力，促进科技长入经济、服务生产均有明显效果。1989年起，市农业局、市财政局共同组织实施农业丰收计划，选择投资少、效益高的项目13个，在市郊近200个乡（镇）推广。至1990年底止，通过实施“丰收计划”，获得粮食、大蒜、食用菌、西瓜、柑桔等新增产值约17351万元。据市农科院不完全统计，90年代初，全院每年成果转化的社会经济效益均在1亿元左右，相当于科研投入的10倍。

改革开放以来，国际间的农业科技交往与合作也与日俱增。上海农业科研机构与美、英、法、日、意、加、澳等国先后建立了合作研究和学术交流关系。据市农业科研单位不完全统计，到1995年底，来上海参观访问和合作研究的外国专家学者达8768人次，出国进修、考察、合作研究的人员达415人次，在各种国际会议发表的科研论文100多篇。并有一批科研人员参加了国际学术组织。在此期间中英猪育种、中加油菜育种等国际学术研讨会也先后在上海召开。通过国际间学术交流和人员往来，相互学习，取长补短，使上海农业科研较快地与国际接轨，在一些新兴研究领域赶上发达国家水平，有些方面处于领先地位。上海作为农业科技面向世界的窗口，正以改革开放的气派，去迎接即将到来的21世纪。上海农业科学研究也将伴随着大城市的振兴与繁荣，为发展我国现代农业科学，实现由传统农业向现代农业的转化，进一步发挥它的重要作用。

GENERAL REMARKS

The scientific research of recent agriculture in Shanghai can be traced back to ″Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898″ in late Qing Dynasty,  which has already a history of 100 years. Great changes have taken place in agricu1ture in Shanghai, and the people there have basically changed the traditional agricultural science and techno-logy into modern agricultural science. At present, Shanghai, in agriculture, has established a scientific research system which has various kinds of specialities,  strong research personnal, advanced technical facilities,  and Shanghai agricultura1 science and research system,  which ismetropo1itan characterized,  has played a very important part in promoting agricultural production in Shanghai and south—eastern part of our country,  and in supporting the city construction.

Ⅰ. In December, 1896, Agronomy Society was set up in Shanghai, and in May, 1897, the society first started its publication. That is the earliest agronomy publication——<Agronomy Journal> (1897—1906 ). This publication successively published 315 issues, translating and carrying a large number of agronomic monographs of the east and west and teaching materials. At the same time, <A Series of Books in Agriculture> was also edited and published, introducing works of translation of 149 kinds, the content of which included agricultural policy, agricultural economy, science and technology for agriculture, education in agricu1ture, agricultural laws and etc.

In 1898,our country's first agricultural science and technology research institution——Shanghai silkworm raising experimental farm was set up, inviting Japanese experts as a technical advisor, introducing foreign excel1ent silkworms, improving the native kind of silkworms and raising methods. In 1904, Chang Qian established Jiangzhe fishing—vessel company, and in Spring of next year, he bought in the first trawler for our country from Germany, in an attempt to carry on marine fishing by steamers. When advanced agronomy of the west was disseminated to the east, Shanghai was not only the p1ace where traditional Chinese agronomy and modern agronomy met and integrated, and Shanghai also opened up a path by which experienced agronomy changed into experimental agronomy. This period was chiefly the period of enlightenment which had made preparation in public opinions and organization for developing modern agricultural science and research.

In the year of 19l4,Chang Qian took up the post of the minister of agricultural and commercial ministry in Beiyan Government, advocating ″the policy of cotton and iron″, setting up agricultural and forest experimental farms extensively. In 1917,Chinese Agronomy Society was founded in Shanghai, and Chang Qian was the honorary president and Chen Rong was the president, at the same time,<Chinese Agricultural Journal>was published（later in Nanking）,carrying on propaganda and organizational activities about modern agricultural science. In the same period, In Shanghai, a few experimental organs about agricultural affairs were also set up. In 1918,a cotton plant experimental farm was set up in Shanghai by Shanghai Huashang Cotton Mill Federation, and co-operated with University of Nanking, various kinds of foreign cotton were introduced to be observed and tried, and American cotton was demonstrated and popularized. In 1921, a cotton pest research institute was set up In Nanhui, and It was the first time in our country that a scientific method was adopted to look into life history of the cotton geometrid and how to control it. China Hezhong silkworm and mulberry improving association and cotton pests research institute of Kiangsu Province were also established（1922）in Shanghai one after another.

After the Northern Expedition War in 1927,the research work in agriculture in Shanghai was once developed. Shanghai agricultural research institute affiliated with China Agronomy Society was set up in 1928,Shanghai municipal experimental farm for agricultural business was set up in 1930, and rinderpest serum manufacturing mill in 1930,Kiangsu provincial fishing experimental pool in 1930 in Chenshan, and was removed to Shanghai in 1931,and China cotton production improving institute was also founded in the same period of time. Great efforts were made to introduce new kinds of plants, new domestic animals and poultry, and try and popularize fertilizers and farm chemicals and farm machinery and tools. In 1928,Wu Fuzhen, for the first time in shanghai, used CS₂ to fumigate on a large scale 100 tons of imported American cotton seeds. In 1930,by trial—producing rinderpest serum successfully, Shanghai started a new era of producing biological medicines for animal treatment in our country, and later swine fever serum was researched and successfully made. With the city spreading out, and oversea's foreigners increasing, People were stimulated to research vegetable—growing. In places around Zhenru and Yangsi, hothouses were used In an attempt to grow vegetables supplied in slack seasons, I.e. tomatoes, romaine lettuce, cabbage and kidney beau and etc. Foreign mushrooms and foreign vegetables were all introduced successively and were tried to grow and spread in this period of time. When Sino—Japanese war broke out, these science and research institute were also removed to the Interior of the country one after another or disintegrated. After Sino—Japenese war was won in 1946,China Aquatic Product Company under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest made preparations for the setting up of a aquatic prodnet research institute, and in August of the same year, China Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company was removed from Chungching to Shanghai and try—produced farm water—pumps and cotton gins, and imported large quantities of American farm machines. Yet, KMT government at that time was busy preparing the civil war without having any interest In building the country, so the age In the 1930's when science and research in agriculture were once flourishing could no longer appear once again.

Ⅱ.In 1949,new China was established, and after Land—Reform and Mutual—Help Co—operation Movement, peasants became more and more enthusiastic in scientific farming. Every suburban county set up farms, and by showing peasants in detail, they popularized good seeds and farming technology. The agricultural college, departments, schools and central research institutes also went deep into suburbs to carry on scientific experimental activities in farming. In 1956,according to the spirit of strengthening scientific research in farming,<Development programme of Agriculture>,the municipal government decided to set up Shanghai Agricultural Experimental Station, and in 1957 Shanghai Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Experimental Station was set up. In 1958,the year of big leap forward, Shanghai Dairy Cow Research institute, Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Shanghai Grain Science and Research Institute and Aquatic Product Research Institute under China Academy of sciences were founded successively. In 1959,Shanghai Agriculture Experimental Station, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Experimental Station, Shanghai Dairy Cow Institute and Shanghai Agricultural machinery Institute were merged into Shanghai Agricultural Science and Research Institute, and was renamed Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1960. During the eleven years beginning from early days of the founding of the People's Republic to the setting up of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in the aspect of planting, improved varieties of crops, i.e. rice, wheat, cotton and oil rapeseed etc. were tried and popularized one after another, and rearrangement of local varieties of vegetables and crops was also fulfilled, a Journal《Varieties of Shanghai Vegetables》was published. It summarized and popularized Chen Yunkang's and other peasants' technological experiences in breeding and cultivating, especially in researching and producing mushroom cultures, and techniques for cultivating it on substitute materials, thus greatly promoting the production of edible fungi. In the aspect of breeding, fine breed of swine, chicken, diary cattle was improrted, and great progresses were made in raising and breeding livestock and poultry, and in the technique of preventing and curing epidemic diseases, and in developing fishing resources in the East China Sea, e.g. in fishing by<light fishing—net and quick bowl>, and in fresh water fish—farming technique and also in researching and producing fish—powder and cod—liver oil. Quite a few of these achievements were gained, only for the first time in the country, or played a leading part in the country. In 1960, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences（SAAS）was formally founded, which symbolized a new period of development in Shanghai's agricultural science and research. In 1962,a fishing machinery research institute under the Ministry of Aquatic Products was set up, in 1963,Shanghai Agricultural Chemical Research Institute was setup, and in 1964,Shanghai domestic animals' schistosomiasis research institute affiliated with China Academy of Agricultural Sciences was setup. The municipal government decided to strengthen the leadership of the SAAS and replenished batches of reinforcements in science and technology. It also established several local experimental stations in Jinshan, Fengxian, and Chongming respectively. As a result, each grass—roots level set up its own unit for agricultural science. That's to say, a research institute in every county, a research station in every commune, a research team in every brigade and a research group in every production team. So popular was it that an experimental network of agricultural science centered around the SAAS was formed. In combination with experiments, demonstration, and popularization and in combination with scientific research, teaching and production, soon a great number of achievements were obtained, 32 of which were made by the SAAS alone.

From 1964—1965,the SAAS, under the guidance of the dialectical materialist theory of knowledge, summed up the experience in developing scientific research in the socialist agriculture and introduce its own experience at the national agricultural scientific research working conference, thus arousing the attention by the Ministry of Agriculture and those of the same trade. That was the pioneering period of the SAAS, it was also the golden age for Shanghai in the development of scientific research in modern agriculture. These achievements gained during that period were unprecedented, whatever in its speed and scale of promoting scientific cause, or in its depth and scope of development of research fields. Meantime, it laid a solid foundation for further prosperity and expansion of the scientific research in Shanghai agriculture.

Ⅲ.Since the Third Plenary Session of 11^th Central Committee of the CPC, the agricultural scientific research in Shanghai has entered into an era of reform and opening up to the outside world, and era of the flourish of science and technology.

In according with the orientation of the city's development and the building of the urban—suburban type agricultural modernization with the Chinese characteristics, meanwhile adjusting its origional research institutes, the Shanghai Aquatic Research Institute, the Shanghai Dairy Cow Research Institute（1980）,the Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Research Institute affiliated with Shanghai Farm Bureau（1980）,the Shanghai Irrigation Works Designing Institute（1979）,the Shanghai Meteorology Research Institute（1978）were newly set up In succession.

Researchers, basic installations, apparatus, and scientific information periodicals have been increased by a few times to dozens of times. By summerizing the historical experiences in agricultural science since the founding of the PRC in a matter—of—fact attitude, and correctly copping with the relationships between research and production, between basic theory and technological application, between research and exploitation；thus the research work in Shanghai has climbed to a new level and has made tremendous progress. From 1979—1995,a total of 671 achievements passed the appraisal and won the prizes. Great progress has been attained in research on agricultural environmental monitoring, computer data index system, cell fusion and gene engineering etc. biotechnology has been attracted by those Of the same trade both at home and abroad. Such soft sciences as agricultural economy, regional plan, information and consultation, development and prediction have been rapidly restored and forging ahead. In 1992,the Ministry of Agriculture made an assessment among China's 1232 independent agricultural research institutes,6 research institutes of the SAAS won the title of the Excellent Unit, they are：the Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Research Institute, the Crop Breeding Research Institute, the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, the Edible Fungi Research Institute, the Horticultural Research Institute and the Plant Protection Research Institute.

With the scientific and technological system reform in Shanghai in 1984,various measures were taken to quicken the steps of turning research achievements into productivity. From 1989,In order to carry out the plan for agricultural harvest Pointly sponsored the Shanghai Agricultural Bureau and the Shanghai Financial Bureau, 13 items with less investment and more efficiency were selected and spread in nearly 200 suburban villages and towns. By the end of 1990this plan had earned a total of about 173.51 million yuan in grain, garlic, edible fungi, wartermelon and orange. According to incomplete statistics by the SAAS that in the early 1990's benifits in social economy from the research achievements were 100 million yuan annually, equivelant to 10 folds those of research Investments. Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, international exchanges and co—operation of the agricultural researches have been ever increasing. Research institutes in Shanghai have established the relationships of the co—operative researches and academic exchanges with the U.S.A, Britain, France, Japan, Italy, Canada and Australia. According to SAAS statistics by the end of 1995,8768 foreign specialists came to visit Shanghai, and in return, 415 scholars were sent abroad for study, visit and co-operative research. More than 100 theses were published at different international conferences and a batch of researchers joined the international academic organizations. With the Metropolitan prosperity and booming, the agricultural researches in Shanghai will shift me traditional farming to a modern one and will further play its leading role in the development of China's modernization of agricultural science.